IPv6 Address
Structure
To generate the host we can use:
To generate the whole ip, we can use:
We have first 64 bits for the network address and last 64 bit for the host address
Prefix
When writing an ipv6 prefix, you set all the hostbit to 0. For example:
3ffe:1944:100:a::/64
In here the :: represents 0000:0000:0000...
Rules
The following rules are applied to ipv6
- Any
0000can be ommited to0 - Any groups of
0000:0000:0000:0000...can be simplify to:: - In an IPv6 there can only be 1
::
Check if local ip
There are two types of ipv6 local ip:
Global unicast address
An address to identify a single device.
Link local (Local unicast address)
More here: Link local IP
Start with fe80::/10. Can't be route (not forwarded by router). And can be used to communicate over a single network segment (within a same lan). Automatically created on Layer 3 interfaces running Ipv6 (i.e Router)
Used by the Router as the next hop addresses.
Unique local (ipv6 only)
Start with fc00::/8. Can be route, main purpose is to use locally. Globally within the private scope
Multicast addressing
In ff00::/8 is used for Multicasting purpose. Allow the device to send packet to a subset of multicast group.
All node multicast (Multicast address)
There is no broad cast address. However there is an "all nodes multicast" address which is basically the same purpose.
- Link local:
ff02::1- For local multicast to all nodes on the local link (subnet)
- All routers mutli cast address:
ff02::2- Target all routers in the local link. The message is only intended for routers.
Special address
:: — unknown host
::1 — loop back address
Embedded IPv4 address
There are multiple technique that embed ipv4 address in ipv6 for compatibility. For example, we can have these following:
FE80::5EfE:10.23.1.5 (An ISATAP address)
::FFFF:10.23.1.5 and ::FFFF:0:10.23.1.5 (SIIT addresses)
FEC0:0:0:1::10.23.1.5 (TRT address)
In here the last 32 bits are IPv4